Non-invasive Approaches for TMJ Disorders
If you are experiencing pain in the jaws or face, limited ability to open your mouth, earaches and/or headaches, you may be suffering from a TMJ disorder. The first line of treatment for TMDs is typically non-invasive approaches such as physical therapy exercises and mouth guards (splints). An oral and maxillofacial surgeon (OMS) can help diagnose the disorder and decide what the best mode of treatment is for you.
In addition to pain management, non-invasive management may be recommended. Possible treatment options include:
TMD Exercises
Exercises and stretches are non-invasive options to help improve jaw mobility, strengthen muscles and reduce pain. Your OMS may recommend exercises or refer you to a physical therapist, depending on the severity of your symptoms. Suggested exercises may include:
- Jaw stretching: Slowly open your mouth as wide as possible without causing pain. Hold this position for a few seconds, then slowly close your mouth. Repeat this exercise several times a day to stretch your jaw muscles and increase flexibility.
- Jaw relaxation: Place your tongue on the roof of your mouth, just behind your front teeth. Keep your jaw relaxed and your teeth slightly apart. Hold this position for a few seconds and then release. Do this exercise regularly to reduce tension in your jaw muscles.
- Resisted jaw opening: Apply light resistance to your chin with your hand and slowly open your mouth while applying resistance. Hold for a few seconds, then close your mouth. This exercise can strengthen the jaw muscles and increase stability.
- Side-to-side jaw movement: Gently move your jaw from side to side, sliding along your imaginary line. Repeat this movement several times to increase the range of motion of the TMJ.
Always consult an OMS or physical therapist before starting exercises for TMD. They can ensure the exercises are appropriate for your condition.
Splint Options for TMD
An occlusal splint (also known as a dental splint, night guard or bite guard) is another non-invasive option to relieve pain from TMD. Splints are custom-made by an OMS or other dental professional and can help rest and/or reposition the jaw, prevent clenching and grinding of the teeth as well as relax the jaw. There are two main kinds of splints:
- Soft splints: Soft splints are made of flexible materials and are customized to your mouth to reduce the effects of teeth grinding and clenching, which contribute to TMJ conditions. Soft splints have a cushioning effect and help relax the jaw muscles.
- Hard splints: Hard splints are made of stiff materials and are designed to stabilize the TMJ and improve bite coordination. A hard splint helps reduce pain and discomfort in the jaw by redistributing the forces on the TMJ.
Non-invasive Team Approach
A non-invasive team approach involves different medical professionals working together to treat TMD, usually including:
- Oral and maxillofacial surgeon: Your OMS will diagnose and assess your TMD, provide exercise guidance and assess if you need a splint. An OMS also can treat any underlying dental problems that may be causing your symptoms.
- Physical therapist: An experienced TMJ physical therapist will guide you through exercises, stretches and techniques to improve jaw mobility, strengthen muscles and reduce pain. Techniques such as ultrasound therapy and manual manipulation also can be used to further reduce symptoms.
- Behavioral therapist: If stress or anxiety is a contributing factor to your TMD, a behavioral therapist can help you learn relaxation techniques, stress management strategies and behavior modification techniques to minimize triggers and improve your overall health.
If non-invasive approaches do not adequately address your TMD symptoms, your OMS may recommend surgical treatment.
TMDs affect everyone differently, so individualized treatment approaches are vital. Work closely with your healthcare team, follow their recommendations and share any changes or concerns that may occur during treatment.
