Joint Stabilization and Diagnosis in Orthognathic Surgery
Corrective jaw surgery – also called orthognathic surgery – is a procedure performed to correct abnormalities or misalignments of the jaw. Stability of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays an important role in the success and long-term outcome of jaw surgery.
Understanding the TMJ
The temporomandibular joint connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull. This joint allows for jaw movements such as opening and closing the mouth, chewing, and speaking. Stable and properly positioned joints contribute to optimal function, comfort, and facial balance.
Importance of Stable Joints in Orthognathic Surgery
An accurate diagnosis – including a comprehensive evaluation of the TMJ – helps the oral and maxillofacial surgeon (OMS) determine the appropriate surgical approach and predict postoperative outcome. Assessing the joint ensures the OMS resolves existing joint problems during surgery – maximizing the chances of success.
The goal of corrective jaw surgery is to realign the jaw to improve occlusion (how your teeth line up to form your bite), facial harmony, and overall function. A stable joint is critical to achieving and maintaining this improved bite. Ensuring TMJ stability allows the surgeon to precisely and safely realign the jaw for better chewing, speech, and overall oral function.
A stable joint contributes to the long-term stability of the jaw post-surgery. Proper alignment and stability of the TMJ reduces the risk of recurrence and reduces the need for additional procedures. When properly stabilized, the TMJ promotes healing, prevents joint-related complications, and supports lasting improvement in function and facial esthetics.
Evaluation
A comprehensive evaluation is essential to determine the need for orthognathic surgery and to assess the condition of the TMJ. This evaluation usually includes a thorough review of the medical and dental history, a physical examination, and imaging tests such as X-rays and cone-beam computed tomography scans. Additional diagnostic tests sometimes are needed. These assessments allow the OMS to diagnose joint abnormalities or dysfunctions that may affect the surgical approach and outcome.
Diagnosing TMJ Disorders
Before undergoing corrective jaw surgery, your OMS also should take any underlying TMJ disorders into account as they can affect the overall surgery. For example, patients with pre-existing joint conditions require extra care when planning surgery. Identifying these issues allows the OMS to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses both jaw misalignment and joint problems.
Each patient’s condition is different, and a proper diagnosis helps oral and maxillofacial surgeons tailor their treatment approaches accordingly. An OMS considers factors such as the degree of jaw misalignment, the presence or absence of TMJ disorders, facial esthetics, and personal goals when planning surgery. Accurate diagnosis ensures a surgical plan tailored to your specific needs.
When considering corrective jaw surgery, consult an experienced OMS for a comprehensive evaluation and accurate diagnosis.
